The new engine will replace the aging Gecko, Firefox' current engine. Bryant said Mozilla hopes to finish the transition to Quantum by the end of 2017.
Quantum is based on Servo
The first versions of Quantum will heavily rely on components from Servo, a browser engine that Mozilla has been sponsoring for the past years, and which shipped its first alpha version this June.
Servo is written in Rust, a programming language that Mozilla also sponsored in the past years. Bryant says Quantum will heavily rely on Rust for its codebase.
In the upcoming year, Mozilla will slowly merge Gecko and Servo components with each new release, slowly removing Gecko's ancient code, and leaving Quantum's engine in place.
"The resulting engine will power a fast and smooth user experience on both mobile and desktop operating systems - creating a 'quantum leap' in performance," Bryant says.
Quantum takes full advantage of multi-threaded programming
The Mozilla exec said the reason the change was needed was because Gecko was developed in a time when computers ran on single-core CPUs.
In the meantime, not only that most computers and mobiles run on multi-core architectures, but powerful GPU cards allow for better graphics performance.
Bryant says Quantum will be developed with these hardware advances in mind, and will result in better performance when navigating the web, dealing with animations and real-time interactions.
He also mentions that a change to Rust-based code will also improve the browser's overall security. Mozilla shipped its first Rust-based component in Firefox 48, replacing its old multimedia stack with one coded entirely in Rust.
According to Mozilla's wiki page on Project Quantum, these are the current Quantum components its engineers are currently working on. More details are also available via Bill McCloskey's blog.
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